Comparison of Total Trip Costs for Shared Micromobility and Public Transport: A Case Study in Košice
Porovnanie celkových nákladov na cestu pri zdieľanej mikromobilite a verejnej doprave: prípadová štúdia v Košice
Ekonomika a spoločnosť, Volume 27, Number 1/2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24040/eas.2026.27.1.03
Odporúčaná forma citácie článku:
Tóth, P., Gróf, M. & Oliverová, S. (2026). Porovnanie celkových nákladov na cestu pri zdieľanej mikromobilite a verejnej doprave: prípadová štúdia v Košice. Ekonomika a spoločnosť, 27 (1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.24040/eas.2026.27.1.03
Recommended form for quotation of the article:
Tóth, P., Gróf, M. & Oliverová, S. (2026). Comparison of Total Trip Costs for Shared Micromobility and Public Transport: A Case Study in Košice. Journal of Economics and Social Research, 27 (1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.24040/eas.2026.27.1.03
ABSTRACT
As urban areas face increasing congestion and environmental issues, shared micromobility has become a key solution for sustainable transport and ‘first- and last-mile’ connections. This research assesses the competition between shared e-scooters and Public Transport in Košice through Monte Carlo simulations and Generalized Travel Cost (GTC) analysis using actual trip data. By running 10,000 scenarios with different parameters, the study captures variations in costs, time value, and comfort factors, including transfer disutility. Results show e-scooters are very effective for short trips (under 15 minutes) because they save time and reduce GTC. A loyalty-based half-price discount significantly increases their advantage; in cases requiring transfers to Public Transport, e-scooters are favored up to 97.6% of the time. For longer trips, e-scooters serve a complementary first- and last-mile role. The findings highlight that targeted, loyalty-driven pricing strategies strongly influence urban mode choice and can boost market share for short-distance travel.
Key words: Shared Micromobility. Generalized Cost. Public Transport. Mode Choice Modeling.